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Biophotons - Various
Different roles of biophotons in communication and the health diagnosis by their measure

Pablo Andueza Munduate

The ambit of influence of biophotons is diverse from visual imagery to morphological cues, special relevant to this section is the use of these emissions by different organism or cells to communicate with other partners of the same specie or other. Apart of all the profound conclusions that can be extracted interesting technical application are presented as food quality assurance or cancer diagnosis. ...

Biophotonic emissions, sometimes also termed "Ultraweak photon emissions" or UPE, has been measured in all types of plant, animal, and human cells [1][2], the initial findings by Russian academics of various biological objects (so called inductors) and its influence on mitotic rate of other biological objects (detectors) which were separated by transparent crystals where the first signs that these emissions have, at least, some kind of informational capacities [3], and we will see that modern variations of these researches and other kind of experiments underline the vital importance of these endogenous light specks in biological systems.

The original sources of these emissions in cells are various, apart from reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation products) other sources for biophotonic emissions from other biomolecules, which are not associated with ROS, are very probably working [4], in the XX century one of the most prominent investigator on these emissions, F.A. Popp, postulated the DNA as a source, as conformational changes in DNA causes changes of the photon emission of cells [5]. But this, in a more generalized principle, could be applied also to proteins as is described in the Resonant Recognition Model [6] where taking into consideration the individual frequency pattern that is defined by the amino acid sequence and the polarity of every amino acid caused by their functional group, or in the case of DNA its nucleotides, it is discovered that proteins and also DNA can function as resonators for frequencies in the range of 1013-1015 Hz, that is in the visual range, so being biophotons.

There is a section for this very interesting model in this web [7]. All that it can be said is that the origin of these emissions are not clear, there is a section in this web also to treat specifically the problem of their origin [8], but anyways for sure are various origins as various wavelengths of biophotons are working at any moment in cells, and it must be taken into account that externally detected proportion of biophotons, compared to those that are generated inside cells is small [9].

In this section a variety of experiments are presented, but for following the thread of what was said in the second paragraph in relation to the intercellular or inter subject communication by these emissions we will start underlining the results of those kind of experiments. For example, there are numerous findings that begin with the recognition that in some therapies like for example treating cancer with radiation, the unexposed cells were affected in a related way, like some form of communication exists. This was temed the "bystander effect" and has been detected in specifically designed experiments with samples separated with crystals and others [10][11], in [12] even entanglement like effects have been detected:

" The mechanism is unknown but our group has evidence that physical signals such as biophotons acting on cellular photoreceptors may be implicated. This raises the question of whether quantum biological processes may occur as have been demonstrated in plant photosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we decided to see whether any form of entanglement was operational in the system. Fish from 2 completely separate locations were allowed to meet for 2 hours either before or after which fish from 1 location only (group A fish) were irradiated. The results confirm RIBE signal production in both skin and gill of fish, meeting both before and after irradiation of group A fish. The proteomic analysis revealed that direct irradiation resulted in pro-tumorigenic proteomic responses in rainbow trout. However, communication from these irradiated fish, both before and after they had been exposed to a 0.5 Gy X-ray dose, resulted in largely beneficial proteomic responses in completely nonirradiated trout. The results suggest that some form of anticipation of a stressor may occur leading to a preconditioning effect or temporally displaced awareness after the fish become entangled."

And this "bystander" effect is caused not only when targets are exposed to ionizing radiation, but even no-ionizing radiation cause it [13].

Anyways in relation to intercellular/intersubject communication by biophotons other very curious experiments are presented in this section, for example in [14] they enclose the sample with mirrors to find if some kind of auto-optic effect occur (that is if sample's own biophotons have effects on them when reflected to themselves), in this case they found that hat the genoprotective effect of melatonine in presence of mirrors had significant difference with one without mirrors. This really is not totally inesperable as already initial findings on mitogenic radiation found that reflecting mirror can alter morphologies of growing samples [15].

In an experiment that is a very interesting nexus that can serve to weave what is says above with what come next [16], biophotons, in this case generated as a consequence of a mental projection, are also mirrored causing augmented perception on sender, very spectacular, and that gives rise to some profound ideas (as we are talking about perception qualia not only information). Here we must know also that there is experimental confirmation that when a subject imagine white light an increased production of biophotons are detected from his brain [17][18].

So, at this point, it must be mentioned that there exist a line of investigation that propose that biophotons are directly related to the visual imagery generation, that is treated in this subsection [19] but that, again, there is a more specific section in this web in this case for biophotons studies related to brain and mind functionality [20].

Much more is presented here, and returning to intersubject communications in [21] there is a confirmation of a biophotonic role in the communication between bacteria:

" When recording a culture of E. coli for biophoton emissions we find, unequivocally, that the culture responds reliably when another culture of bacteria in the vicinity is insulted with hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, we find that we can discern whether the species of bacteria receiving the hydrogen peroxide is of the same species that we are recording biophotons from, or not. The results of the present study add to the already overwhelming evidence suggestive of non‐local communication; that is, communication in absentia a classical medium. ...

We do not claim the two cultures communicated through light, but rather that by measuring the light emissions of one system we learned information about the other system."

Biophotons measures can serve to assess the quality of a food, for example in eggs [22]:

" Eggs from free-range laying hens were characterized by an eight-fold higher emission of photons compared to eggs from caged hens, and they had over three times higher content of natural antioxidants in the form of carotenoids. Most probably, the higher number of photons emitted is associated with a higher content of biologically active substances in the material under study. Photon emission also varies in different ways depending on the specific hen breeding system. Differences in time in the identified maximum values of photon emission result from the composition of individual parts of the egg. Different times in which the emission peaks occurred for free-range eggs and for caged eggs were observed."

In this same context, they also can serve to detect if a wheat is infected by insects [23] or their quality in general [24], the quality of plants seeds [25], etc.

In respect to human health there is an under development but experimentally well tested way to differentiate normal from cancer cells, in a very initial phase or even the pre-phase when tumor is not initiated but some associated signal pathways are active, by means of analyzing the biophotonic emissions from subjects [26][27][28], in [29] it can be read:

" Tumor cells displayed increased photon emissions compared to non-malignant cells. Examining the standardized Spectral Power Density (SPD) configurations for flux densities between 0.1 and 25 Hz (∆f = 0.01 Hz) yielded 90% discriminant accuracy. The emission profiles of mice that had been injected with melanoma cells could be differentiated from a non-malignant reference groups as early as 24 h post-injection. The peak SPD associated with photon emissions was ~20 Hz for both malignant cell cultures and mice with growing tumors. These results extend the original suggestion by Takeda and his colleagues (2004) published in this journal concerning the potential diagnostic value of UPEs for assessing proliferations of carcinoma cells. The specificity of the spectral profile in the 20 Hz range may be relevant to the consistent efficacy reported by several authors that weak magnetic field pulsations within this frequency range can diminish the growth of malignant cells in culture and tumor weights in mice."

References:

1. Van Wijk, E., Yan, Y., & Van Wijk, R. (2015). Photon emission in multicellular organisms. Fields of the Cell, 131-148

2. Hamouda, S., Khalifa, N., & Belhasan, M. (2018) Bio-Photon Research and Its Applications: A Review. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations 6(1), 35-46

3. Naumova, E. V., Naumova, A. E., Isaev, D. A., & Volodyaev, I. V. (2018). Historical review of early researches on mitogenetic radiation: from discovery to cancer diagnostics. Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering, 4(4), 040201.

4. Naveed, M., Raees, M., Liaqat, I., & Kashif, M. (2018). Clastogenic ROS and biophotonics in precancerous diagnosis. Frontiers in Biology, 13(2), 103-122.

5. Popp, F. A., Nagl, W., Li, K. H., Scholz, W., Weingärtner, O., & Wolf, R. (1984). Biophoton emission. New evidence for coherence and DNA as source. Cell Biophysics, 6(1), 33-52.

6. Jaross, W. (2018). Hypothesis on interactions of macromolecules based on molecular vibration patterns in cells and tissues. Front Biosci, 23(3), 940-946.

7. EMMIND › Endogenous Fields & Mind › Endogenous Electromagnetic Fields › Electromagnetism & Resonant Recognition Model

8. EMMIND › Endogenous Fields & Mind › Biophotons › Biophoton Sources

9. Bókkon, I., Salari, V., Tuszynski, J. A., & Antal, I. (2010). Estimation of the number of biophotons involved in the visual perception of a single-object image: Biophoton intensity can be considerably higher inside cells than outside. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 100(3), 160-166.

10. Le, M., McNeill, F. E., Seymour, C., Rainbow, A. J., & Mothersill, C. E. (2015). An observed effect of ultraviolet radiation emitted from beta-irradiated HaCaT cells upon non-beta-irradiated bystander cells. Radiation research, 183(3), 279-290.

11. Le, M., Fernandez-Palomo, C., McNeill, F. E., Seymour, C. B., Rainbow, A. J., & Mothersill, C. E. (2017). Exosomes are released by bystander cells exposed to radiation-induced biophoton signals: Reconciling the mechanisms mediating the bystander effect. PLoS One, 12(3).

12. Mothersill, C., Smith, R., Wang, J., Rusin, A., Fernandez-Palomo, C., Fazzari, J., & Seymour, C. (2018). Biological entanglement–like effect after communication of fish prior to X-ray exposure. Dose-response, 16(1), 1559325817750067.

13. Jooyan, N., Goliaei, B., Bigdeli, B., Faraji-Dana, R., Zamani, A., Entezami, M., & Mortazavi, S. M. J. (2019). Direct and indirect effects of exposure to 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on CHO cell line: Evidence of bystander effect by non-ionizing radiation. Environmental research, 174, 176-187.

14. Zamani, M., Etebari, M., & Moradi, S. (2017). The Increment of Genoprotective Effect of Melatonin due to “Autooptic” Effect versus the Genotoxicity of Mitoxantron. Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering.

15. Volodyaev, I., & Beloussov, L. V. (2015). Revisiting the mitogenetic effect of ultra-weak photon emission. Frontiers in physiology, 6, 241.

16. Ruggieri, V. (2017). Psycho-Physiological Hypothesis about Visual Mental Images Projection. Academy of Social Science Journal, 2(9).

17. Dotta, B. T., Saroka, K. S., & Persinger, M. A. (2012). Increased photon emission from the head while imagining light in the dark is correlated with changes in electroencephalographic power: Support for Bókkon's Biophoton Hypothesis. Neuroscience letters, 513(2), 151-154.

18. Saroka, K. S., Dotta, B. T., & Persinger, M. A. (2013). Concurrent photon emission, changes in quantitative brain activity over the right hemisphere, and alterations in the proximal geomagnetic field while imagining white light. International Journal of Life Science and Medical Research, 3(1), 30.

19. EMMIND › Endogenous Fields & Mind › Biophotons › Biophotons - Various › Biophotons in visual perception and imagery (Bókkon's model)

20. EMMIND › Endogenous Fields & Mind › Biophotons › Biophotons in Neurons and Brain

21. Tessaro, L. W., Dotta, B. T., & Persinger, M. A. (2019). Bacterial biophotons as non‐local information carriers: Species‐specific spectral characteristics of a stress response. MicrobiologyOpen, 8(6), e00761.

22. Gałązka-Czarnecka, I., Korzeniewska, E., Czarnecki, A., Sójka, M., Kiełbasa, P., & Dróżdź, T. (2019). Evaluation of Quality of Eggs from Hens Kept in Caged and Free-Range Systems Using Traditional Methods and Ultra-Weak Luminescence. Applied Sciences, 9(12), 2430.

23. Qiao, L., Jia, M., Wei, B., Liu, Z., & Qin, Y. (2019, July). Frequency Characteristics Extraction of Infected Wheat BPE Signals Based on Bispectrum Analysis and High-Order Spectrum Distribution. In 2019 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (ICWAPR) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

24. Liang, Y., Song, H., Liu, Q., Shi, W., & Li, L. (2014). Study on spectrum estimation in biophoton emission signal analysis of wheat varieties. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014.

25. Bertogna, E., Conforti, E., & Gallep, C. M. (2013, August). Simultaneous biophoton measurement of control and fluoride stressed seedlings samples. In 2013 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC) (pp. 1-3). IEEE.

26. Dotta, B. T., Karbowski, L. M., Murugan, N. J., Vares, D. A. E., & Persinger, M. A. (2016). Ultra-weak Photon Emissions Differentiate Malignant Cells from Non-Malignant Cells In Vitro. Archives of Cancer Res, 4(2).

27. Zhao, X., Yang, M., Wang, Y., Pang, J., Van Wijk, E., Liu, Y., ... & Han, J. (2017). Spectrum of spontaneous photon emission as a promising biophysical indicator for breast cancer research. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-12.

28. Madl, P., Verwanger, T., Geppert, M., & Scholkmann, F. (2017). Oscillations of ultra-weak photon emission from cancer and non-cancer cells stressed by culture medium change and TNF-α. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-12.

29. Murugan, N. J., Persinger, M. A., Karbowski, L. M., & Dotta, B. T. (2020). Ultraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cancers, 12(4), 1001.

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text updated: 14/06/2020
tables updated: 29/10/2024

Endogenous Fields & Mind
Biophotons - Various

Reviews on Biophotons Go to submenu

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Favailable in PDFThe Biophoton Emission in Biotechnological and Chemical Research: from Meta-Epistemology and Meaning to Experiment. Part 1Commentary icon2024-(17)G. Nevoit, I.A. Bumblyte,A. Korpan, O. Minser, M. Potyazhenko, M.T. Iliev, A. Vainoras, I. Ignatov
Favailable in PDF and HTMLBiophoton signaling in mediation of cell-to-cell communication and radiation-induced bystander effectsCommentary icon2024-(16)Jian Tong
Favailable in PDF and HTMLModern biophysical view of electromagnetic processes of the phenomenon of life of living biological systems as a promising basis for the development of complex medicine: the role of biophotonsCommentary icon2023-(15)Ganna Nevoit, Inga Arune Bumblyte, Maksim Potyazhenko, Ozar Minser, Alfonsas Vainoras
Aavailable in HTMLHuman ultra-weak photon emission as non-invasive spectroscopic tool for diagnosis of internal states – A reviewNo comments yet icon2021-(1)Félix Zapata, Victoria Pastor-Ruiz, Fernando Ortega-Ojeda, Gemma Montalvo, Ana Victoria Ruiz-Zolle, Carmen García-Ruiz
Aavailable in HTMLBiophotons in Radiobiology: Inhibitors, Communicators and ReactorsCommentary icon2019-(1)Carmel Mothersill, Michelle Le, Andrej Rusin, Colin Seymour
Favailable in PDFHistorical review of early researches on mitogenetic radiation: from discovery to cancer diagnosticsCommentary icon2018-(20)Elena V. Naumova, Anna E. Naumova, Dmitry A. Isaev, Ilya V. Volodyaev
Favailable in PDFBio-Photon Research and Its Applications: A ReviewNo comments yet icon2018-(12)Samir Hamouda, Nada Khalifa, Mohamed Belhasan
Favailable in PDFDetection and measurement of biogenic ultra-weak photon emissionNo comments yet icon2015-(15)Pierre Madl
Favailable in PDFPhoton emission in multicellular organismsNo comments yet icon2015-(18)Eduard Van Wijk, Yu Yan, Roeland Van Wijk
Favailable in PDFDifferent Aspects of Ultra-weak Photon Emissions: A Review ArticleCommentary icon2015-(8)Hashem Rafii-Tabar, Neda Rafieiolhosseini
Favailable in PDFUltraweak Electromagnetic Wavelength Radiation as Biophotonic Signals to Regulate Life ProcessesNo comments yet icon2014-(6)Hugo J. Niggli
Favailable in PDFTowards whole-body ultra-weak photon counting and imaging with a focus on human beings: A reviewNo comments yet icon2013-(9)Roeland Van Wijk, Eduard P.A. Van Wijk , Herman A. van Wietmarschen, Jan van der Greef
Favailable in PDFBiophotons in Diagnostics Progress and ExpectationsNo comments yet icon2010-(10)Roeland Van Wijk, Eduard P.A. Van Wijk
Favailable in PDFProperties of biophotons and their theoretical implicationsNo comments yet icon2003-(12)Fritz-Albert Popp
Biophotons and intercellular or intersubject communication Go to submenu

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Favailable in PDF and HTMLMechanotransduction, cellular biophotonic activity, and signaling patterns for tissue regenerationCommentary icon2024-(21)Claudia Cavallini, Elena Olivi, Riccardo Tassinari, Carlo Ventura
Favailable in PDFA comparison of the physical radiation-induced bystander effect and peroxide-mediated oxidative stress in human and murine epithelial cells (bystander)No comments yet icon2021-(195)Andrej Rusin
Favailable in PDF and HTMLCell Cell Death Communication By Signals Passing Through Non-Aqueous EnvironmentsCommentary icon2021-(10)Alla Potapovich, Vladimir Kostyuk
Favailable in PDFThe Increment of Genoprotective Effect of Melatonin due to “Autooptic” Effect versus the Genotoxicity of MitoxantroneCommentary icon2020-(12)M. Zamani, M. Etebari, Sh. Moradi
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubQuantifying Biophoton Emissions From Human Cells Directly Exposed to Low-Dose Gamma RadiationCommentary icon2020-(7)Jason Cohen, Nguyen T. K. Vo, David R. Chettle, Fiona E. McNeill, Colin B. Seymour, Carmel E. Mothersill
Aavailable in HTMLDirect and indirect effects of exposure to 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on CHO cell line: Evidence of bystander effect by non-ionizing radiationCommentary icon2019-(1)Najmeh Jooyan, Bahram Goliaei, Bahareh Bigdeli, Reza Faraji-Dana, Ali Zamani, Milad Entezami, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
Aavailable in HTMLCell-to-Cell Communication: Evidence of Near-Instantaneous Distant, Non-Chemical Communication between Neuronal (Human SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma) Cells by Using a Novel Bioelectric BiosensorNo comments yet icon2018-(1)T. Apostolou, S. Kintzios
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubBiological Entanglement–Like Effect After Communication of Fish Prior to X-Ray Exposure (bystander)Commentary icon2018-(17)Carmel Mothersill, Richard Smith, Jiaxi Wang, Andrej Rusin, Cris Fernandez-Palomo, Jennifer Fazzari, Colin Seymour
Aavailable in HTMLModulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by radiation-induced biophotons (bystander)No comments yet icon2018-(1)Michelle Le, Fiona E. McNeill, Colin B. Seymour, Andrej Rusin, Kevin Diamond, Andrew J. Rainbow, James Murphy, Carmel E. Mothersill
Favailable in PDF and HTMLEndogenous physical regulation of population density in the freshwater protozoan Paramecium caudatumCommentary icon2017-(6)Daniel Fels
Aavailable in HTMLThe Conscious Behavior of Microbes in a Physical Environment: An IntrospectionCommentary icon2017-(1)Richa, C. Sheeba, Soam Prakash
Favailable in PDF and HTMLExosomes are released by bystander cells exposed to radiation-induced biophoton signals: Reconciling the mechanisms mediating the bystander effectNo comments yet icon2017-(22)Michelle Le, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo, Fiona E. McNeill, Colin B. Seymour, Andrew J. Rainbow, Carmel E. Mothersill
Favailable in PDF and HTMLLong range physical cell-to-cell signalling via mitochondria inside membrane nanotubes: a hypothesisCommentary icon2016-(22)Felix Scholkmann
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubPhysical Non-Contact Communication between Microscopic Aquatic Species: Novel Experimental Evidences for an Interspecies Information ExchangeCommentary icon2016-(5)Daniel Fels
Favailable in PDFThe Increment of Genoprotective Effect of Melatonin due to “Autooptic” Effect versus the Genotoxicity of MitoxantronCommentary icon2016-(10)M. Zamani, M. Etebari, Sh. Moradi
Favailable in PDFPhoton emission and quantum signalling in biological systemsCommentary icon2015-(8)S.N. Mayburov
Favailable in PDFElectromagnetic cell communication and the barrier method (review)No comments yet icon2015-(14)Daniel Fels
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubRevisiting the mitogenetic effect of ultra-weak photon emission (review)No comments yet icon2015-(20)Ilya Volodyaev, Lev V. Beloussov
Aavailable in HTMLAn Observed Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation Emitted from Beta-Irradiated HaCaT Cells upon Non-Beta-Irradiated Bystander CellsNo comments yet icon2015-(1)Michelle Le, Fiona E. McNeill, Colin Seymour, Andrew J. Rainbow, Carmel E. Mothersill
Aavailable in HTMLNew perspective in cell communication: Potential role of ultra-weak photon emission (review)No comments yet icon2014-(1)Ankush Prasad, Claudio Rossi , Stefania Lamponi, Pavel Pospíšil, Alberto Foletti
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubSpeculations about Bystander and Biophotons (review)No comments yet icon2014-(4)Charles L. Sanders
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubUltra-violet light emission from HPV-G cells irradiated with low Let radiation from 90Y; Consequences for radiation induced bystander effectsNo comments yet icon2013-(19)Syed Bilal Ahmad, Fiona E. McNeill, Soo Hyun Byun, William V. Prestwich, Carmel Mothersill, Colin Seymour, Andrea Armstrong, Cristian Fernandez
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubPhysically disconnected non-diffusible cell-to-cell communication between neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and DRG primary sensory neuronsNo comments yet icon2013-(11)Victor V Chaban, Taehoon Cho, Christopher B Reid, Keith C Norris
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubNon-chemical and non-contact cell-to-cell communication: a short review (review)No comments yet icon2013-(8)Felix Scholkmann, Daniel Fels, Michal Cifra
Favailable in PDFPhotonic Communications and Information Encoding in Biological SystemsCommentary icon2012-(10)S.N. Mayburov
Aavailable in HTMLNew perspectives in cell communication: Bioelectromagnetic interactionsCommentary icon2011-(1)C. Rossi, A. Foletti, A. Magnani, S. Lamponi
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubCellular Communication through LightCommentary icon2009-(8)Daniel Fels
Favailable in PDFEvidence for non-chemical, non-electrical intercellular signaling in intestinal epithelial cellsNo comments yet icon2007-(1)Ashkan Farhadi, Christopher Forsyth, Ali Banan, Maliha Shaikh, Phillip Engen, Jeremy Z. Fields, Ali Keshavarzian
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubA long-range attraction between aggregating 3T3 cells mediated by near-infrared light scatteringNo comments yet icon2005-(5)Guenter Albrecht-Buehler
Aavailable in HTMLMarine plants may polarize remote Fucus eggs via luminescenceCommentary icon2005-(1)Lionel F. Jaffe
Favailable in PDF and HTMLLight-mediated ‘‘conversation’’ among microorganisms (review)No comments yet icon2004-(10)Maxim V. Trushin
Favailable in PDFBiophotonic patterns of optical interactions between fish eggs and embryosCommentary icon2003-(7)L.V. Beloussov, A.B. Burlakov, N.N. Louchinskaia
Biophotons and blood Go to submenu

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Favailable in PDFHumoral phototransduction: light transportation in the blood, and possible biological effectsNo comments yet icon2008-(4)F. Grass, S. Kasper
Favailable in PDFBiophoton research in blood reveals its holistic propertiesCommentary icon2003-(10)V.L. Voeikov, R. Asfaramov, E.V. Bouravleva, C.N. Novikov, N.D. Vilenskaya
Aavailable in HTMLUltra-weak chemiluminescence of smokers' bloodCommentary icon1985-(1)Binkoh Yoda, Yoshio Goto, Katsuro Sato, Akio Saeki, Humio Inaba
Biophotons differently emitted by cancer cells Go to submenu

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Favailable in PDF and HTMLIncrement of spontaneous human biophoton emission caused by anger emotional states. Proof of conceptNo comments yet icon2021-(7)Félix Zapata, Victoria Pastor-Ruiz, Fernando Ortega-Ojeda, Gemma Montalvo, Carmen García-Ruiz
Favailable in PDF and HTMLUltraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo StudyCommentary icon2020-(10)Nirosha J. Murugan, Michael A. Persinger, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Blake T. Dotta
Favailable in PDFLabel-free Cancer Cells Detection using Optical SensorsCommentary icon2018-(8)Mahmoud Al Ahmad, Adel Najar, Amine El Moutaouakil, Nida Nasir, Minas Hussein, Shaima Raji, Ali Hilal Alnaqbi
Favailable in PDF and HTMLBiophotonic markers of malignancy: Discriminating cancers using wavelength-specific biophotonsCommentary icon2017-(5)Nirosha J. Murugana,, Nicolas Rouleau, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Michael A. Persinger
Favailable in PDF and HTMLOscillations of ultra-weak photon emission from cancer and non-cancer cells stressed by culture medium change and TNF-αNo comments yet icon2017-(12)Pierre Madl, Thomas Verwanger, Mark Geppert, Felix Scholkmann
Favailable in PDF and HTMLSpectrum of spontaneous photon emission as a promising biophysical indicator for breast cancer researchCommentary icon2017-(12)Xiaolei Zhao, Meina Yang, Yong Wang, Jingxiang Pang, Eduard Van Wijk, Yanli Liu, Hua Fan, Liewei Zhang, Jinxiang Han
Favailable in PDFThe effects of low-level electromagnetic fields and ultraweak photon emission on biological systemsNo comments yet icon2017-(322)Lukasz M. Karbowski
Favailable in PDFPhoton Emissions as Differential Indicators for Different Components of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in Transfected Murine Melanoma CellsNo comments yet icon2016-(5)Blake T Dotta, Carly A Buckner, Robert M Lafrenie, Michael A Persinger
Favailable in PDF and HTMLUltra-weak Photon Emissions Differentiate Malignant Cells from Non-Malignant Cells In VitroNo comments yet icon2016-(4)Blake T. Dotta, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Nirosha J. Murugan, David A. E. Vares and Michael A. Persinger
Favailable in PDF and HTMLOnly 1% Melanoma Proportion in Non-Malignant Cells Exacerbates Photon Emissions: Implications for Tumor Growth and MetastasesNo comments yet icon2015-(3)Lukas M. Karbowski, Nirosha J. Murugan, Blake T. Dotta, Michael A. Persinger
Favailable in PDFShifting wavelengths of ultraweak photon emissions from dying melanoma cells: their chemical enhancement and blocking are predicted by Cosic’s theory of resonant recognition model for macromoleculesNo comments yet icon2014-(8)Blake T. Dotta, Nirosha J. Murugan, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Robert M. Lafrenie, Michael A. Persinger
Various experiments and new data on Biophotons Go to submenu

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Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubEffects of Patterned Electromagnetic Fields and Light-Emitting Diodes on Cancer Cells: Impact on Cell Density and Biophoton Emission When Applied Individually vs. SimultaneouslyCommentary icon2023-(8)Rahul Ravindran, Kate S. Branigan, Landon M. Lefebvre, Blake T. Dotta
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubNon-chemical signalling between mitochondriaCommentary icon2023-(8)Rhys R. Mould, Ifigeneia Kalampouka, E. Louise Thomas,
Geoffrey W. Guy, Alistair V. W. Nunn, Jimmy D. Bell
Favailable in PDF and HTMLThe verification of hen egg types by the classification of ultra-weak photon emission dataCommentary icon2023-(10)Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko, Jarosław Gocławski, Ewa Korzeniewska, Paweł Kiełbasa, Tomasz Dróżdż
Favailable in PDFUnique algorithm for the evaluation of embryo photon emission and viabilityCommentary icon2023-(25)József Berke, Istvan Gulyás, Zoltán Bognár, Dávid Berke, Attila Enyedi, Veronika Kozma-Bognár, Péter Mauchart, Bernadett Nagy, Ákos Várnagy Várnagy, Kálmán Kovács, József Bódis
Favailable in PDF and HTMLUltra-weak photon emission as a potential tool for evaluating the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with type 2 diabetesCommentary icon2023-(10)Meina Yang, Zhongwen Zhang, Jialei Fu, Junyan Liu, Jiangxiang Pang, Hua Fan, Zailin Yang, Yuanbin Zhang, Jinxiang Han
Favailable in PDF and HTMLMonitoring Alzheimer’s Disease via Ultraweak Photon EmissionCommentary icon2023-(23)Niloofar Sefati, Tahereh Esmaeilpour, Vahid Salari, Asadollah Zarifkar, Farzaneh Dehghani, Mahdi Khorsand Ghaffari, Noémi Császár, István Bókkon, Serafim Rodrigues, Daniel Oblak
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubA biophoton method for identifying the quality states of fresh Chinese herbsCommentary icon2023-(12)Baorui Cao, Zhiying Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Jialei Fu, Zhongwen Zhang, Jinxin Du, Tingting  Deng, Jingxiang Pang, Meina Yang, Jinxiang Han
Favailable in PDF and HTMLBiophoton Radiations Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Mouse Liver Slices and Hepatocyte Nuclei in Relation to the Biophysical Action Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen SpeciesCommentary icon2022-(9)Rong Fan, Na Liu, Jiapei Dai
Favailable in PDF and HTMLModelling biophoton emission kinetics based on the initial intensity value in Helianthus annuus plants exposed to different types of stressCommentary icon2022-(13)Zsolt Pónya, Katalin Somfalvi-Tóth
Favailable in PDFA Fast Detection Method for Wheat Mould Based on BiophotonsNo comments yet icon2020-(25)Gong Yue-hong, Yang Tie-jun, Liang Yi-tao, Ge Hong-yi, Chen Liang
Favailable in PDF and HTMLAn experimental investigation of Ultraweak photon emission from Adult Murine neural Stem cellsNo comments yet icon2020-(13)Tahereh Esmaeilpour, Esmaeil Fereydouni, Farzaneh Dehghani, Istvan Bókkon, Mohammad-Reza Panjehshahin, Noemi Császár-Nagy, Mehdi Ranjbar, Vahid Salari
Aavailable in HTMLFrequency Characteristics Extraction of Infected Wheat BPE Signals Based on Bispectrum Analysis and High-Order Spectrum DistributionCommentary icon2019-(1)Lihong Qiao, Manman Jia, Bin Wei, Ziqi Liu, Yao Qin
Favailable in PDFDiscrimination of Biological Systems with Photon Emission: Steps Toward Diagnostics in Humans and Cell CulturesNo comments yet icon2019-(84)Billy C. S. Yearington
Favailable in PDF and HTMLEvaluation of Quality of Eggs from Hens Kept in Caged and Free-Range Systems Using Traditional Methods and Ultra-Weak LuminescenceCommentary icon2019-(12)Ilona Gałązka-Czarnecka, Ewa Korzeniewska, Andrzej Czarnecki, Michał Sójka, Paweł Kiełbasa, Tomasz Dróżdź
Aavailable in HTMLCharacterization of the hot and cold medicinal properties of traditional Chinese herbs by spontaneous photon emission ratio of miceNo comments yet icon2019-(1)Baochen Zhou, Taoyingnan Li, Meina Yang, Jingxiang Pang, Lingyuan Min, Jinxiang Han
Favailable in PDF and HTMLNon-invasive visualization of physiological changes of insects during metamorphosis based on biophoton emission imagingNo comments yet icon2019-(7)Shoko Usui, Mika Tada, Masaki Kobayashi
Favailable in PDFBiophoton emission from plants: A contribution to the understanding of plant signalingNo comments yet icon2018-(114)Carl L. Oros
Aavailable in HTMLHuman Biofields Reveal Nature and Behavior: Using Spectral AnalysisNo comments yet icon2018-(1)Rai Sachindra Prasad
Favailable in PDF and HTMLBacterial biophotons as non-local information carriers: Species-specific spectral characteristics of a stress responseCommentary icon2018-(10)Lucas W. E. Tessaro, Blake T. Dotta, Michael A. Persinger
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubFluctuations in Human Bioenergy during the Day as Observed from the Evoked PhotonNo comments yet icon2018-(12)Shinji Tsubouchi, Hayato Uchida, Akio Yamamoto, Norinaga Shimizu
Favailable in PDFPsycho-Physiological Hypothesis about Visual Mental Images ProjectionCommentary icon2017-(11)Vezio Ruggieri , Gaetano Persico
Favailable in PDFHuman Bio-Photons Emission: an observational Case Study of Emission of Energy Using a Tibetan Meditative Practice on an IndividualNo comments yet icon2017-(9)G. Pagliaro, N. Mandolesi, G. Parenti, L. Marconi, M. Galli, F. Sireci, E. Agostini
Favailable in HTMLMeasuring ultra-weak photon emission as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting early-stage type 2 diabetes: A step toward personalized medicineNo comments yet icon2016-(8)Mengmeng Sun, Eduard Van Wijk, Slavik Koval, Roeland Van Wijk, Min He, Mei Wang, Thomas Hankemeiera, Jan van der Greef
Aavailable in HTMLUltra-weak photon emission of hands in aging predictionNo comments yet icon2016-(1)Xin Zhao, Eduard van Wijk, Yu Yan, Roeland van Wijk, Huanming Yang, Yan Zhangb, Jian Wang
Favailable in PDF and HTMLUltraweak Photon Emission from the Seed Coat in Response to Temperature and Humidity—A Potential Mechanism for Environmental Signal Transduction in the Soil Seed BankCommentary icon2016-(10)Steven Footitt, Simonetta Palleschi, Eugenio Fazio, Raffaele Palomba, William E. Finch-Savage, Leopoldo Silvestroni
Aavailable in HTMLOptically Functionalized Biomorphism of Bean SeedsCommentary icon2016-(1)E. Fazioa, G. Gualandia, S. Palleschib, S. Footittc, L. Silvestronia
Favailable in PDF and HTMLSpectral Power Densities and Whole Body Photon Emissions from Human Subjects Sitting in Hyper-darknessNo comments yet icon2016-(4)David A.E. Vares, Blake T. Dotta, Kevin S. Saroka, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Nirosha J. Murugan, Michael A. Persinger
Aavailable in HTMLSimultaneous and intercontinental tests show synchronism between the local gravimetric tide and the ultra-weak photon emission in seedlings of different plant speciesCommentary icon2016-(11)Cristiano M. Gallep, Peter W. Barlow, Rosilene C. R. Burgos, Eduard P. A. van Wijk
Favailable in PDFExperimental Evidence That Specific Photon Energies Are “Stored” in Malignant Cells for an Hour: The Synergism of Weak Magnetic Field-LED Wavelength PulsesCommentary icon2016-(9)Lukasz M. Karbowski, Nirosha J. Murugan, Michael A. Persinger
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubSpectral discrimination between healthy people and cold patients using spontaneous photon emissionNo comments yet icon2015-(9)Meina Yang, Jiangxiang Pang, Junyan Liu, Yanli Liu, Hua Fan, Jinxiang Han
Favailable in PDF and HTMLInverse relationship between photon flux densities and nanotesla magnetic fields over cell aggregates: Quantitative evidence for energetic conservationCommentary icon2015-(6)Michael A. Persinger, Blake T. Dotta, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Nirosha J. Murugan
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubStudy on Spectrum Estimation in Biophoton Emission Signal Analysis of Wheat VarietiesNo comments yet icon2014-(10)Yitao Liang, Hongxia Song, Qin Liu, Weiya Shi, Lan Li
Favailable in PDFLunisolar tidal synchronism with biophoton emission during intercontinental wheat-seedling germination testsNo comments yet icon2014-(5)Cristiano M. Gallep, Thiago A. Moraes, Peter W. Barlow, Kateřina Červinková, Michal Cifra, Masakazu Katsumata
Favailable in PDFStudy on Water-Induced Ultra-Weak Luminescence Value of Wheat KernelsNo comments yet icon2013-(7)Yitao Liang, Rui Pang, Wang Feng, Hu Yuankun
Aavailable in HTMLSimultaneous Biophoton Measurement of Control and Fluoride Stressed Seedlings SamplesNo comments yet icon2013-(3)Eduardo Bertogna, Evandro Conforti, Cristiano M. Gallep
Favailable in PDFUltraweak Photon Emission in Cells: Coupling to molecular pathways, applied magnetic fields, and potential non-localityCommentary icon2013- (178)Blake T. Dotta
Favailable in PDF and HTMLTowards the two-dimensional imaging of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission from microbial, plant and animal cellsCommentary icon2013-(8)Ankush Prasad, Pavel Pospísil
Favailable in PDFSpontaneous ultra-weak light emissions from wheat seedlings are rhythmic and synchronized with the time profile of the local gravimetric tideNo comments yet icon2012-(8)Cristiano M. Gallep, Thiago A. Moraes, Peter W. Barlow, Emile Klingelé
Favailable in PDFUPE Biological Death Process Identification SystemCommentary icon2012-(4)Zhou Jun
Favailable in PDFActivated bicarbonate solutions as models of confined ontic open system and prototypes of living respiring systemsCommentary icon2010-(9)V. L. Voeikov, Do Ming Ha, O. G. Mukhitova, N. D. Vilenskaya, S. I. Malishenko, A. S. Bogachuk
Favailable in PDFUltra-weak bioluminescence and vigour of irradiated riceCommentary icon2010-(6)Yu Yong, Wang Jun
Favailable in PDFChanges in Ultraweak Photon Emission and Heart Rate Variability of Epinephrine-Injected RatsCommentary icon2005-(13)Y.Z. Yoon, J. Kim, B.C. Lee, Y.U. Kim, S K. Lee, K.S. Soh
Favailable in PDFImaging “Auras” Around and Between Plants: A New Application of Biophoton ImagingCommentary icon2005-(4)Katherine Creath, Gary E. Schwartz
Favailable in PDFWhat Biophoton Images of Plants Can Tell Us about Biofields and HealingCommentary icon2005-(20)Katherine Creath, Gary E. Schwartz
Some other theories/opinion on Biophotons Go to submenu

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Favailable in PDFPhenomenological Interpretations of Some Somatic Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Biophoton Emission in HumansNo comments yet icon2021-(31)Daqing Piao
Favailable in PDFPolarized Photons and photonic crystals for genetics and natural medicineCommentary icon2019-(11)S. V. Petoukhov, E. S. Petukhova
Favailable in PDFMechanisms of Signal Transduction in Cells Facts and HypothesesCommentary icon2019-(6)Elena B. Vladimirsky, Vitali D. Milman
Favailable in PDFBiophotons: A Reality to Investigate. Definition of their Existence and Probability of their Actual Pathogenic and Therapeutic AbilityNo comments yet icon2018-(4)Giovanni Cozzolino, Sabrina Ulivi
Favailable in PDF and HTMLEmission of Biophotons and Adjustable Sounds by the Fascial System: Review and Reflections for Manual TherapyCommentary icon2018-(6)Bruno Bordoni, Fabiola Marelli, Bruno Morabito, Beatrice Sacconi
Favailable in PDFThe Darkness Brings Light in the Field of Bio-Communication Through Melatonin ProductionNo comments yet icon2017-(12)Muhammad Naveed, Mohammad Raees, Muhammad Kashif, Irfan Liaqat
Favailable in PDFThe Biomass of the Earth as the Direct Energy-Mass Equivalence from ~3.5 Billions of Years of Solar FluxCommentary icon2016-(11)Michael A. Persinger
Favailable in PDFCould 'Biophoton Emission' be the Reason for Mechanical Malfunctioning at the Moment of Death?No comments yet icon2016-(4)J. Shashi Kiran Reddy
Aavailable in HTMLMitochondrial emitted electromagnetic signals mediate retrograde signalingCommentary icon2015-(1)Georgios Bagkos, Kostas Koufopoulos, Christina Piperi
Favailable in PDF and HTMLFurther Observations on Visual Perception: The Influence of Pathologies Upon the Absorption of Light and Emission of BioluminescenceCommentary icon2011-(7)Graham Wilfred Ewing, S.H. Parvez, I.G. Grakov
Favailable in PDFPhysical basis of Biophoton emission and intercellular communication (plasma blob, evolution)No comments yet icon2008-(14)E. Lozneanu, M. Sanduloviciu
Favailable in PDFPropagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria?Commentary icon2005Roland Thar, Michael Kühl
Biophotons in visual perception and imagery (Bókkon's model) Go to submenu

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Favailable in PDFPhosphenes, retinal discrete dark noise, negative afterimages and retinogeniculate projections: A new explanatory framework based on endogenous ocular luminescenceNo comments yet icon2017-(19)Vahid Salari, Felix Scholkmann, Ram Lakhan Pandey Vimal, Noémi Császár, Mehdi Aslani, István Bókkon
FPossible role of biochemiluminescent photons for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-induced phosphenes and visual hallucinationsNo comments yet icon2016-(18)Gábor Kapócs, Felix Scholkmann, Vahid Salari, Noémi Császár, Henrik Szőke, István Bókkon
FBiophotons Contribute to Retinal Dark NoiseNo comments yet icon2016-(7)Zehua Li, Jiapei Dai
Favailable in PDF and HTMLThe Physical Mechanism for Retinal Discrete Dark Noise: Thermal Activation or Cellular Ultraweak Photon Emission?Commentary icon2016-(16)Vahid Salari, Felix Scholkmann, Istvan Bókkon, Farhad Shahbazi, Jack Tuszynski
Favailable in PDFEndogenous spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission in the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections before birthCommentary icon2016-(10)István Bókkon, Felix Scholkmann, Vahid Salari, Noémi Császár, Gábor Kapócs
Favailable in PDFExplanations step by step about Bókkon's biophysical picture representation model (also called intrinsic biophysical virtual visual reality) during visual perception and imageryCommentary icon2013-(35)Istvan Bókkon
Favailable in PDFInterdisciplinary implications on autism, savantism, Asperger syndrome and the biophysical picture representation: Thinking in picturesNo comments yet icon2013-(11)I. Bókkon, V. Salari, F. Scholkmann, J. Dai f , F. Grass
Favailable in PDFIncreased photon emission from the head while imagining light in the dark is correlated with changes in electroencephalographic power: Support for Bokkon’s biophoton hypothesisCommentary icon2012-(4)B.T. Dotta, K.S. Saroka, M.A. Persinger
Favailable in PDFEstimation of the number of biophotons involved in the visual perception of a single object image: Biophoton intensity can be considerably higher inside cells than outsideCommentary icon2010-(16)I. Bókkon, V. Salari, J.A. Tuszynski, I. Antal

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