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Electromagnetism & Morphogenesis
Fields guiding the positioning of organelles in cells, cells in organs and organs in bodies

Pablo Andueza Munduate

Morphogenesis, the process by which living organisms achieve their shape and form, is governed by an intricate interplay of genetic, biochemical, mechanical, and electromagnetic (EM) cues. Recent advancements in the field of bioelectricity highlight the critical role of EM fields in orchestrating developmental processes. ...

This section explores groundbreaking experimental insights and theoretical frameworks, synthesizing data to argue that EM fields are not only essential regulators of form and function but may also represent complementary aspects of presence in sentient entities. These findings open a profound perspective on the interplay between biological structure and consciousness.

The quest to understand how living organisms organize their structures and functions has long been at the heart of biology. While the genetic code provides a foundational blueprint, it has become increasingly evident that the spatial and temporal organization of life depends on bioelectric and electromagnetic cues. These cues guide cellular behaviors, mediate communication across scales, and potentially embody the form and presence of sentient entities. This section synthesizes key findings from experiments and theoretical insights to explore the electromagnetic dimension of morphogenesis.

The Levin Experiments: Bioelectric Networks and Morphogenesis

  • Bioelectric Gradients and Spatial Organization: Levin’s work demonstrates how bioelectric gradients, established by ion channels and gap junctions, act as spatial cues that guide cellular organization. In experiments with Xenopus embryos, modulating the resting potentials of cells altered neural tube development, underscoring the role of bioelectric fields in defining tissue boundaries (Levin et al., 2021).
  • Regeneration and Repatterning: Levin’s studies on planarian regeneration reveal how bioelectric networks encode positional information, enabling precise regrowth of complex structures. By manipulating bioelectric signals, researchers could induce the formation of ectopic organs or repair patterning defects in amphibians (Adams et al., 2019).
  • Bioelectric Memory: Experiments indicate that bioelectric networks store information akin to a biological memory system. These networks maintain positional codes that persist through perturbations, guiding morphogenetic repair processes (Levin & Pezzulo, 2020).

Pietak’s Models: Theoretical Integration of EM Fields and Morphogenesis

  • Electromagnetic Resonance and Cellular Coherence: Pietak proposes that cellular and tissue structures resonate at specific electromagnetic frequencies, facilitating long-range coherence and communication. These resonances guide the assembly of tissues and organs, acting as a dynamic scaffold for morphogenesis (Pietak, 2014).
  • Holographic Encoding: EM fields within cells create interference patterns akin to holograms, encoding spatial information that orchestrates cellular activities. Pietak’s models align with observations of synchronized EM oscillations in tissues, suggesting a mechanism for distributed pattern formation.
  • Integration Across Scales: Theoretical frameworks posit that EM fields integrate processes from molecular to systemic levels, linking cellular behaviors with organism-wide development. This multiscale integration reflects the fractal nature of biological systems.

Electromagnetic Fields as Embodiments of Presence

  • Complementary Representation of Form: EM fields embody the spatial and temporal dynamics of living systems. Their ability to occupy space and modulate form complements the biochemical and mechanical structures of organisms. This dual presence suggests that EM fields could represent an underlying substrate of consciousness.
  • Magnetic and Electric Complementarity: Electric fields provide localized, high-resolution signaling, while magnetic fields extend broader, integrative influence. Together, they form a complementary system that represents both the discrete and holistic aspects of biological entities (Funk et al., 2020).

Experimental and Observational Evidence:

  • Calcium Waves and EM Interactions: Calcium ion fluxes, a key component of cellular signaling, generate oscillatory EM fields that propagate through tissues. These waves correlate with morphogenetic processes such as axis formation and limb regeneration (Adams et al., 2020).
  • Biophoton Emissions and Communication: Biophoton studies reveal that cells emit coherent light, which interacts with EM fields to mediate intercellular communication. Observations of biophoton dynamics in chromatin suggest that DNA contributes to the generation of bioelectric fields.
  • Planarian Regeneration and Bioelectric Fields: Manipulating the bioelectric fields in planarians alters their regenerative outcomes, demonstrating that EM fields encode positional information necessary for patterning.

Implications for Consciousness and Form

  • Field-Based Cognition: If EM fields regulate morphogenesis, they may also underlie the integration of sensory and cognitive processes. The coherence observed in brain EM oscillations supports this hypothesis.
  • Structural and Functional Complementarity: EM fields may serve as an organizational framework that complements biochemical and mechanical systems, bridging the gap between structure and consciousness. This perspective aligns with theories of panpsychism, which propose that consciousness is a fundamental property of organized systems.

Conclusion: The integration of experimental findings with theoretical frameworks underscores the vital role of electromagnetic fields in morphogenesis. These fields not only guide the spatial and functional organization of living systems but may also embody the presence and form of sentient entities. By viewing EM fields as complementary representations of biological structure and cognition, we gain a profound understanding of life’s complexity and open new avenues for bioengineering and regenerative medicine.

Keywords: morphogenesis, electromagnetic fields, bioelectric gradients, holographic encoding, cellular coherence, Levin experiments, Pietak models

-Text generated by AI superficially, for more specific but also more surprising data check the tables below-

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text updated (AI generated): 23/12/2024
tables updated (Human): 27/01/2025

Endogenous Fields & Mind
EM & Morphogenetics

Endogenous Electromagnetism & Morphogenesis

(F) Full or (A) Abstract

Available Formats

Title

Commentary

Publication Year (and Number of Pages)

Author(s)
Favailable in PDFField-mediated Bioelectric Basis of Morphogenetic Prepatterning: a computational study [preprint]Commentary icon2025-(34)Santosh Manicka, Michael Levin
Aavailable in HTMLEmbryo Development in a Stochastic UniverseCommentary icon2024-(1)Edward C. Elson
F
available in PDF and HTMLBioelectric networks: the cognitive glue enabling evolutionary scaling from physiology to mindCommentary icon2023-(27)Michael Levin
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubBioelectric Fields at the Beginnings of LifeCommentary icon2022-(11)Alistair V. W. Nunn, Geoffrey W. Guy, Jimmy D. Bell
Favailable in PDF and HTMLUnveiling the morphogenetic code: A new path at the intersection of physical energies and chemical signalingCommentary icon2021-(13)Riccardo Tassinari, Claudia Cavallini, Elena Olivi, Valentina Taglioli, Chiara Zannini, Carlo Ventura
Favailable in PDFMorphology and high frequency bio-electric fieldsCommentary icon2021-(17)Johann Summhammer
Aavailable in HTMLMorphogenic Fields: A Coming of AgeCommentary icon2021-(1)K. E. Thorp
Favailable in PDF and HTMLElectric-Induced Reversal of Morphogenesis in HydraCommentary icon2019-(10)Erez Braun, Hillel Ori
Aavailable in HTMLFrom non-excitable single-cell to multicellular bioelectrical states supported by ion channels and gap junction proteins: Electrical potentials as distributed controllersCommentary icon2019-(1)Javier Cervera, Vaibhav P. Pai, Michael Levin, Salvador Mafe
Aavailable in HTMLThe Centrosome as a Geometry OrganizerCommentary icon2019-(1)Marco Regolini
Aavailable in HTMLSynchronization of Bioelectric Oscillations in Networks of Non-Excitable Cells: From Single-Cell to Multicellular StatesCommentary icon2019-(1)Javier Cervera, Jose Antonio Manzanares, Salvador Mafe, Michael Levin
Favailable in PDF and HTMLCalcium oscillations coordinate feather mesenchymal cell movement by SHH dependent modulation of gap junction networksCommentary icon2018-(15)Ang Li, Jung-Hwa Cho, Brian Reid, Chun-Chih Tseng, Lian He, Peng Tan, Chao-Yuan Yeh, Ping Wu, Yuwei Li, Randall B. Widelitz, Yubin Zhou, Min Zhao, Robert H. Chow, Cheng-Ming Chuong
Favailable in PDF and HTMLGenome-wide analysis reveals conserved transcriptional responses downstream of resting potential change in Xenopus embryos, axolotl regeneration, and human mesenchymal cell differentiationNo comments yet icon2015-(23)Vaibhav P. Pai, Christopher J. Martyniuk, Karen Echeverri, Sarah Sundelacruz, David L. Kaplan, Michael Levin
Favailable in PDFElectromagnetic resonance and morphogenesisNo comments yet icon2015-(18)Alexis Mari Pietak
Favailable in PDFEndogenous bioelectric cues as morphogenetic signals in vivoNo comments yet icon2015-(20)Maria Lobikin, Michael Levin
Favailable in PDF and HTMLEndogenous Gradients of Resting Potential Instructively Pattern Embryonic Neural Tissue via Notch Signaling and Regulation of ProliferationNo comments yet icon2015-(20)Vaibhav P.Pai, Joan M. Lemire, Jean-Francois Pare, Gufa Lin, Ying Chen, Michael Levin
Favailable in PDF and HTMLGap Junctional Blockade Stochastically Induces Different Species-Specific Head Anatomies in Genetically Wild-Type Girardia dorotocephala FlatwormsNo comments yet icon2015-(32)Maya Emmons-Bell, Fallon Durant, Jennifer Hammelman, Nicholas Bessonov, Vitaly Volpert, Junji Morokuma, Kaylinnette Pinet, Dany S. Adams, Alexis Pietak , Daniel Lobo, Michael Levin
Aavailable in HTMLThe phantom leaf effect: A replication (Part 1)Commentary icon2015-(1)John Hubacher
Favailable in PDFMembrane Patterns Carry Ontogenetic Information That Is Specified Independently of DNANo comments yet icon2014-(38)Jonathan Wells
Favailable in PDF and HTMLBioelectric Signaling Regulates Size in Zebrafish FinsNo comments yet icon2014-(11)Simon Perathoner, Jacob M. Daane, Ulrike Henrion, Guiscard Seebohm, Charles W. Higdon, Stephen L. Johnson, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Matthew P. Harris
Favailable in PDF and HTMLEndogenous bioelectrical networks store non-genetic patterning information during development and regenerationNo comments yet icon2014-(11)Michael Levin
Aavailable in HTMLThe Work Surfaces of Morphogenesis: The Role of the Morphogenetic FieldNo comments yet icon2014-(1)Sheena E. B. Tyler
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubCracking the bioelectric code: Probing endogenous ionic controls of pattern formationNo comments yet icon2013-(8)AiSun Tseng, Michael Levin
Favailable in PDFLiving Energy Resonators: Transcending the Gene to a New Story of Light and LifeNo comments yet icon2013-(4)Alexis Mari Pietak
Favailable in PDFStructural evidence for electromagnetic resonance in plant morphogenesisCommentary icon2012-(14)Alexis Mari Pietak
Favailable in PDFBiomechanical and coherent phenomena in morphogenetic relaxation processesNo comments yet icon2012-(10)Abir U. Igamberdiev
Favailable in PDFMorphogenetic fields in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer: Non-local control of complex patterningNo comments yet icon2012-(19)Michael Levin
Aavailable in HTMLElectrodynamic eigenmodes in cellular morphologyCommentary icon2012-(1)M. Cifra
Favailable in PDFEndogenous Electromagnetic Fields in Plant Leaves: A New Hypothesis for Vascular Pattern FormationNo comments yet icon2010-(32)Alexis Mari Pietak
Favailable in PDFBioelectromagnetics in MorphogenesisNo comments yet icon2003-(21)Michael Levin
 At the cellular level:
Favailable in PDF and HTMLElectrochemical gradients are involved in regulating cytoskeletal patterns during epithelial morphogenesis in the Drosophila ovaryNo comments yet icon2019-(17)Isabel Weiß, Johannes Bohrmann
Favailable in PDF and HTMLThe Bioelectric Circuitry of the CellCommentary icon2019-(14)Jack A. Tuszynski
Favailable in PDFMultiscale Memory And Bioelectric Error Correction In The Cytoplasm-Cytoskeleton-Membrane SystemCommentary icon2017-(30)Chris Fields, Michael Levin
 On cell migration:
Favailable in PDF and HTMLCharge-Balanced Electrical Stimulation Can Modulate Neural Precursor Cell Migration in the Presence of Endogenous Electric Fields in Mouse BrainsCommentary icon2019-(42)Stephanie N. Iwasa, Abdolazim Rashidi, Elana Sefton, Nancy X. Liu, Milos R. Popovic, Cindi M. Morshead
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubEnvironmental Factors That Influence Stem Cell Migration: An “Electric Field”Commentary icon2017-(1)Stephanie N. Iwasa, Robart Babona-Pilipos, Cindi M. Morshead
Aavailable in HTMLThe use of electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic field for directed cell migration and adhesion in regenerative medicineNo comments yet icon2016-(1)Christina L. Ross
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubEndogenous electric fields as guiding cue for cell migrationNo comments yet icon2015-(8)Richard H. W. Funk
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubEndogenous electric currents might guide rostral migration of neuroblastsNo comments yet icon2013-(7)Lin Cao, Dongguang Wei, Brian Reid, Siwei Zhao, Jin Pu, Tingrui Pan, Ebenezer Yamoah, Min Zhao
Favailable in PDF, HTML and EpubEffects of Physiological Electric Fields on Migration of Human Dermal FibroblastsNo comments yet icon2010-(8)Aihua Guo, Bing Song, Brian Reid ,Yu Gu, John V. Forrester, Colin A.B. Jahoda, Min Zhao

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