The century-old picture of a nerve spike is wrong filaments fire, before membrane

" Ions transmitting across membranes resonate in the milliseconds domain, and filamentary dipoles resonate at microseconds. They feed energy to each other simultaneously. The infrared spectrum in the 900 nm-1050 nm region shows that filaments deep inside a neuron acquire pulsed signals of suitable THz frequencies from thermal noise, wherefrom, filter out the microsecond bursts and transmit the singals like an antenna. Since the filaments are not metallic, absorption, emission, and reflection of electromagnetic signals occur in all directions since all three mechamisms play governing roles in energy transfer. Thus, filamentary bundles have different time domains of resonance and so do not sense neuron membranes or other components in a neural network. Membranes become transparent at the frequencies where filaments resonate and emit energy. One filamentary bundle can sense primarily other filamentary bundles of similar geometry leading to resonant energy transfer. The role of synaptic junctions is consequently insignificant." {Credits 1}

" Considering the work of E. Katz in the 1940s, ions might have been blocked but electromagnetic signals might not, so that neurons could communicate and fired. If filaments of distant, isolated neurons are connected, electromagnetic signals at a set of frequencies could arrive at filaments from distance and cause it to resonate, building and storing electrical potential [12]." {Credits 1}

" A plethora of data has been produced measuring clocks or rhythmic changes in biological responses. Microseconds or megahertz frequency domains had not been studied prior to our investigations, and was essentially a missing frequency band. When we assembled the spontaneously formed 3D map of clocks in all time domains, we found that different time domains act as a part of a whole pattern. Therefore, several of those works on neurons reported since the 1930s and other discarded results might be integrated into a neuron’s time crystal or the 3D clock assembly model, and challenging the prevalence of the Hodgkin Huxley paradigm." {Credits 1}

{Credits 1} 🎪 Ghosh, S., Singh, P., Manna, J., Saxena, K., Sahoo, P., Krishnanda, S. D., ... & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2022). The century-old picture of a nerve spike is wrong: filaments fire, before membrane. Communicative & Integrative Biology, 15(1), 115-120. © 2022 The Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.