Oxidative damage in the liver and brain of the rats exposed to frequency-dependent radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure Biochemical and histopathological evidence

Exposed rats: Frequency-dependent changes in the body weight and hematologic parameters (RBCs, WBCs, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit). Increased serum transaminases and bilirubin, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Decreased albumin. Increased blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Decreased adenosine triphosphatases, acetylcholinesterase, and tissue antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione Peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases. Histopathological observations of the liver showed centrilobular mononuclear cell infiltration and swelling in sinusoidal spaces, while in the brain degenerated pyramidal and Purkinje neurons were seen. Brain is more susceptible to oxidative mutilation than the liver.